Natural resources including water and energy are undeniably being over-exploited. Recent
studies on demand projections conducted by the UN research group anticipated a rise in the
demand for water by almost 40% over the next two decades (Rapacioli and Malone, 2012).
Water withdrawal is also anticipated to increase nearly 55% by 2050 (WWAP, 2012 cited in
UNESCO, 2014). Likewise, energy demand is expected to grow by more than one-third in
2035 (UNESCO, 2014), of which nearly 60% of the increase will come from emerging markets
like China, India, and the Middle Eastern countries (IEA, 2014 cited in Al-Ansari et al., 2015).
Similar expectations for electricity demand are assumed, with almost 70% growth by the year
2035 (UNESCO, 2014).




